Improved White Matter Cerebrovascular Reactivity after Revascularization in Patients with Steno-Occlusive Disease

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Thirty-five patients with steno-occlusive disease (Moyamoya disease [n = 24], Moyamoya syndrome [n = 3], atherosclerosis [n = 6], vasculitis [n = 1], and idiopathic stenosis [n = 1]) who underwent unilateral brain revascularization using a direct superficial temporal artery–to-MCA bypass were evaluated. WM cerebrovascular reactivity was measured preoperatively and postoperatively using BOLD MR imaging during iso-oxic hypercapnic changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide. WM cerebrovascular reactivity significantly improved after direct unilateral superficial temporal artery–to-MCA bypass in the revascularized hemisphere in the MCA territory and in the anterior cerebral artery territory.

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

BOLD MR imaging CVR maps
BOLD MR imaging CVR maps in standard space overlaid on an anatomic T1-weighted image of 5 representative patients (P3, P12, P20, P31, and P32) who underwent a left (P3) and right (P12, P20, P31, and P32) STA-MCA bypass. The first column shows CVR maps before bypass, and the second column shows CVR maps within a 1-year follow-up after revascularization surgery. 

One feature that patients with steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease have in common is the presence of white matter (WM) lesions on MRI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of direct surgical revascularization on impaired WM cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with steno-occlusive disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We recruited 35 patients with steno-occlusive disease, Moyamoya disease (n = 24), Moyamoya syndrome (n = 3), atherosclerosis (n = 6), vasculitis (n = 1), and idiopathic stenosis (n = 1), who underwent unilateral brain revascularization using a direct superficial temporal artery–to-MCA bypass (19 women; mean age, 45.8 ± 16.5 years). WM cerebrovascular reactivity was measured preoperatively and postoperatively using blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) MR imaging during iso-oxic hypercapnic changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide and was expressed as %Δ BOLD MR signal intensity per millimeter end-tidal partial pressure of CO2.

RESULTS

WM cerebrovascular reactivity significantly improved after direct unilateral superficial temporal artery–to-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass in the revascularized hemisphere in the MCA territory (mean ± SD, −0.0005 ± 0.053 to 0.053 ± 0.046 %BOLD/mm Hg; P < .0001) and in the anterior cerebral artery territory (mean, 0.0015 ± 0.059 to 0.021 ± 0.052 %BOLD/mm Hg; P = .005). There was no difference in WM cerebrovascular reactivity in the ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery territory nor in the vascular territories of the nonrevascularized hemisphere (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Cerebral revascularization surgery is an effective treatment for reversing preoperative cerebrovascular reactivity deficits in WM. In addition, direct–STA-MCA bypass may prevent recurrence of preoperative symptoms.

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Improved White Matter Cerebrovascular Reactivity after Revascularization in Patients with Steno-Occlusive Disease
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Jeffrey Ross
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