Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Intracranial atherosclerosis, a major risk factor for ischemic stroke, is thought to have different atherogenic mechanisms than extracranial atherosclerosis. Studies investigating their relationship in vivo are sparse and report inconsistent results. We studied the relationship between intracranial atherosclerosis and extracranial atherosclerosis in a cohort of patients with a history of vascular disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Within the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease–Magnetic Resonance (SMART) study, cross-sectional analyses were performed in 130 patients (mean age, 68 ± 9 years) with a history of vascular disease and with assessable 7T intracranial vessel wall MR imaging data. Intracranial atherosclerosis burden was defined as the number of intracranial vessel wall lesions in the circle of Willis and its major branches. Age- and sex-adjusted unstandardized regression coefficients (b-value) were calculated with intracranial atherosclerosis burden as the dependent variable and extracranial atherosclerosis markers as independent variables.
RESULTS
Ninety-six percent of patients had ≥1 vessel wall lesion, with a mean intracranial atherosclerosis burden of 8.5 ± 5.7 lesions. Significant associations were observed between higher intracranial atherosclerosis burden and carotid intima-media thickness (b = 0.53 lesions per +0.1 mm; 95% CI, 0.1–1.0 lesions), 50%–100% carotid stenosis versus no stenosis (b = 6.6 lesions; 95% CI, 2.3–10.9 lesions), ankle-brachial index ≤ 0.9 versus >0.9 (b = 4.9 lesions; 95% CI, 1.7–8.0 lesions), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (b = –0.77 lesions per +10 mL/min; 95% CI, −1.50 to −0.03 lesions). No significant differences in intracranial atherosclerosis burden were found among different categories of vascular disease.
CONCLUSIONS
Intracranial atherosclerosis was associated with various extracranial markers of atherosclerosis, not supporting a different etiology.
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Editor’s Choice
Intracranial atherosclerosis, a major risk factor for ischemic stroke, is thought to have different atherogenic mechanisms than extracranial atherosclerosis. Studies investigating their relationship in vivo are sparse and report inconsistent results. Within the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease–Magnetic Resonance (SMART) Study, cross-sectional analyses were performed in 130 patients with a history of vascular disease and with assessable 7T intracranial vessel wall MR imaging data. Intracranial atherosclerosis burden was defined as the number of intracranial vessel wall lesions in the circle of Willis and its major branches. Significant associations were observed between higher intracranial atherosclerosis burden and carotid intima-media thickness, 50%–100% carotid stenosis versus no stenosis, ankle-brachial index, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. No significant differences in intracranial atherosclerosis burden were found among different categories of vascular disease.