Carotid Near-Occlusion: A Comprehensive Review, Part 1—Definition, Terminology, and Diagnosis

Fellows’ Journal Club

Editor’s Comment

Carotid near-occlusion is distal luminal collapse of the internal carotid artery beyond a tight stenosis. Calculating percentage stenosis for carotid near-occlusion is fallacious, and near-occlusion assessment is advised before measuring for percentage stenosis. This systematic review presents what is known about carotid near-occlusion and focuses on definition, terminology, and diagnosis.

Summary

Figure from Johansson et al -- Fellows' Journal Club
A case with near-occlusion with full collapse, reprinted with permission from Fox et al.1 Lateral common carotid angiogram shows the thin, threadlike, collapsed lumen (arrows) of the ICA above a prominent ICA stenosis at the bulb (not shown).

Carotid near-occlusion is distal ICA luminal collapse beyond a tight stenosis, where the distal lumen should not be used for calculating percentage stenosis. Near-occlusion with full ICA collapse is well-known, with a threadlike lumen. However, near-occlusion without collapse is often subtle and can be overlooked as a usual severe stenosis. More than 10 different terms have been used to describe near-occlusion, sometimes causing confusion. This systematic review presents what is known about carotid near-occlusion. In this first part, the foci are definition, terminology, and diagnosis.

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Carotid Near-Occlusion: A Comprehensive Review, Part 1—Definition, Terminology, and Diagnosis